| Composition | Primarily quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, mica, and other minerals |
| Color | Varies from light gray, pink, or reddish to brown |
| Particle Size | 0.075 mm to 4.75 mm (typically sand-sized grains) |
| Density | 2.63 - 2.75 g/cm³ |
| Bulk Density | 1.6 - 1.8 g/cm³ |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 6 - 7 |
| Shape | Angular to sub-angular |
| Specific Gravity | 2.63 - 2.75 |
| Water Absorption | 0.1% - 1.0% |
| Grain Distribution | Well-graded, with a variety of particle sizes |
| Fineness Modulus | 2.0 - 3.5 |
| pH | 6 - 8 (slightly acidic to neutral) |
| Organic Impurities | None or minimal |
| Solubility in Water | Insoluble |
