| Composition | Primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO3) |
| Color | White, gray, yellow, brown, or black |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 3 to 4 |
| Density | 2.3 - 2.7 g/cm³ |
| Porosity | 5% to 25% |
| Specific Gravity | 2.30 to 2.70 |
| Grain Size | Coarse to fine, depending on the type |
| Tensile Strength | 4-5 MPa |
| Compressive Strength | 30 - 250 MPa (depends on the type and grade) |
| Water Absorption | 0.1% to 5% |
| Fracture Toughness | 0.3 - 0.7 MPa√m |
| Thermal Conductivity | 1.2 - 1.8 W/m·K |
| Solubility in Water | Low (insoluble in water) |
